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- What is analog communication? Explain its basic principles.
- Differentiate between analog and digital communication.
- What are the key components of an analog communication system?
- What is modulation and why is it necessary in communication systems?
- Describe Amplitude Modulation (AM) and its applications.
- Explain Frequency Modulation (FM) and its advantages over AM.
- What is Phase Modulation (PM)? How does it differ from AM and FM?
- Compare and contrast the different types of modulation techniques: AM, FM, and PM.
- What is a carrier signal and what role does it play in modulation?
- Explain the concept of a baseband signal.
- Describe the process of demodulation. How does it differ from modulation?
- What are the different types of noise in analog communication? How do they affect signal transmission?
- Explain the structure and function of a superheterodyne receiver.
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of using analog communication systems?
- What is the significance of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in analog communication?
- What is Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) and where is it used?
- Explain the concept of frequency division multiplexing (FDM).
- Describe the role of filters in analog communication systems.
- What is Amplitude Modulation (AM)? Explain its principle and the mathematical representation of an AM signal.
- What is modulation index (or depth of modulation) in AM? How does it affect the signal?
- Describe the difference between under-modulation, over-modulation, and 100% modulation in AM.
- What are the sidebands in AM? How are they generated?
- Explain the frequency spectrum of an AM signal.
- What is the bandwidth of an AM signal? How is it related to the modulating signal?
- What is Double Sideband-Suppressed Carrier (DSB-SC) modulation? How does it differ from standard AM?
- Explain Single Sideband (SSB) modulation. What are its advantages over conventional AM?
- What is Vestigial Sideband (VSB) modulation and where is it used?
- What is the process of demodulation in AM?
- Explain the working of an envelope detector. How does it demodulate an AM signal?
- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of AM.
- Discuss Linear diode detector.
- What is Frequency Modulation (FM)? Explain its principle and the mathematical representation of an FM signal.
- What is the frequency deviation in FM? How does it affect the signal?
- Describe the concept of modulation index in FM.
- Explain Carson’s Rule and how it is used to estimate the bandwidth of an FM signal.
- What is Narrowband FM (NBFM)? How does it differ from Wideband FM (WBFM)?
- Explain the working of a frequency discriminator. How does it demodulate an FM signal?
- Describe the role of a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) in FM demodulation.
- What are the primary applications of FM in communication systems?
- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of FM.
- Explain the concept of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis in FM.
- What is Phase Modulation (PM), and how is it related to FM?
- Describe the basic structure of an FM transmitter.
- Explain the role of voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) in FM systems.
- What are some common methods for generating FM signals?
- Discuss the design considerations for an FM receiver.
- What is Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)? Explain its basic principle.
- What is Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)? Explain its basic principle.
- Describe Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) and its applications.
- Explain Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) and its advantages.
- What is Phase Shift Keying (PSK)? Describe its basic operation.
- What is Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)? Explain its basic principle.
- Describe the process of converting an analog signal to a digital signal using PCM.
- What are the key steps involved in the PCM process?
- What is sampling in the context of PCM?
- Explain the Nyquist Theorem and its importance in PCM.
- What is aliasing, and how can it be prevented in PCM systems?
- What is quantization in PCM? Explain the difference between uniform and non-uniform quantization.
- What are quantization error and quantization noise? How do they affect the quality of a PCM signal?
- Describe the concept of signal-to-quantization-noise ratio (SQNR).
- What is differential PCM (DPCM)? How does it differ from standard PCM?
- What is AM receiver and its types?
- Explain TRF and Crystal receiver.
- What is Double Sideband Suppressed Carrier (DSB-SC) modulation? Explain its basic principle.
- Describe the balanced modulator and its role in generating a DSB-SC signal.
- What is Vestigial Side Band ( VSB ) modulation? Explain its basic principle.
- Derive Total Power equation in AM Wave.
- Explain Phase shift method in SSB Generation.
- Explain Filter method in SSB Generation.
- Explain Armstrong method of FM generation.
- Explain Varactor Diode Method of FM generation.
- Explain Collector modulation method of AM generation.
- Explain Base modulation method of AM generation.
- Explain Square law modulation method of AM generation.
- Explain Reactance modulation method of FM generation.
- Explain Ratio Detector.
- What is Low level modulation and High level modulation?
