{"id":2630,"date":"2025-04-23T17:43:58","date_gmt":"2025-04-23T17:43:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/?p=2630"},"modified":"2025-04-23T17:43:59","modified_gmt":"2025-04-23T17:43:59","slug":"lab-manual-experiment-no-2-frequency-modulation-demodulation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/index.php\/2025\/04\/23\/lab-manual-experiment-no-2-frequency-modulation-demodulation\/","title":{"rendered":"Lab Manual- Experiment No-2: Frequency Modulation & Demodulation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\ud83e\udde0 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f (Objective):<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f Frequency Modulation (FM) \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 Demodulation \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0939\u092e FM \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u0947 generation \u0914\u0930 recovery \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0911\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0932\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0938\u0947 observe \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udcd8 \u0925\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0930\u0940 (Theory):<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\ud83c\udf99\ufe0f Frequency Modulation (FM):<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

FM \u092e\u0947\u0902 carrier signal \u0915\u0940 frequency \u0915\u094b information signal \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 modulate \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f amplitude constant \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Waveform of FM wave is given as-<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udd0a Demodulation:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Demodulation \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u0939\u0948 original modulating signal \u0915\u094b FM wave \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u092e FM detector \u092f\u093e phase-locked loop (PLL) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\ud83e\uddf0 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 (Apparatus Required):<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Function Generator (modulating signal \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • FM Modulator Circuit \u092f\u093e IC<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • FM Demodulator Circuit<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Dual Channel Oscilloscope<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Power Supply<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Connecting Wires<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Breadboard \u092f\u093e FM Trainer Kit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n

    \ud83d\udd27 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f (Procedure):<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    A. Frequency Modulation:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. Function generator \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 sinusoidal signal (~1 kHz) generate \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. \u0907\u0938\u0947 FM Modulator \u0915\u0947 input \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Oscilloscope \u0938\u0947 output waveform \u0915\u094b observe \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. Carrier \u0915\u0940 frequency \u0914\u0930 modulation index \u0915\u094b vary \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 waveform \u0915\u093e behavior \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      B. Frequency Demodulation:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      1. FM signal \u0915\u094b FM demodulator circuit \u092e\u0947\u0902 input \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. Oscilloscope \u092a\u0930 demodulated output \u0915\u094b observe \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. Compare \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f output waveform original message \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n

        Observation Table:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Sr No<\/td>Signal<\/td>Amplitude<\/td>Frequency<\/td><\/tr>
        1<\/td>Message Signal<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
        2<\/td>Carrier Signal<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
        3<\/td>Demodulated Signal<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n

        \u2753 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 (Viva\/Review Questions):<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        1. Frequency modulation \u0914\u0930 amplitude modulation \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. Carson’s Rule \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. FM signal \u0915\u094b demodulate \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        4. FM \u0915\u0947 \u092b\u093e\u092f\u0926\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        5. Modulation index FM \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n

          \u26a0\ufe0f \u0938\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 (Precautions):<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • \u0938\u092d\u0940 connections check \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, short circuit \u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Oscilloscope \u0915\u0940 proper grounding \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Signal amplitude limit \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f circuit \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n\n

            \u2705 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 (Conclusion):<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

            \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f FM \u092e\u0947\u0902 frequency \u0915\u094b message signal \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 change \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 demodulation \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e \u0909\u0938 message \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 FM \u0915\u0940 noise resistance \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0947 AM \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            \ud83e\udde0 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f (Objective): \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f Frequency Modulation (FM) \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 Demodulation \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0939\u092e FM \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u0947 generation \u0914\u0930 recovery \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0911\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0932\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0938\u0947 observe \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \ud83d\udcd8 \u0925\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0930\u0940 (Theory): \ud83c\udf99\ufe0f Frequency Modulation (FM): FM \u092e\u0947\u0902 carrier signal \u0915\u0940 frequency \u0915\u094b information signal \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 modulate \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[1004,1009,1011,1006,1015,1010,1013,1003,1012,1007,910,908,1016,1014],"class_list":["post-2630","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-analogcommunication","tag-communicationsystems","tag-electronicsengineering","tag-electronicslab","tag-engineeringprojects","tag-fmmodulation","tag-frequencymodulation","tag-modulationtechniques","tag-radiofrequency","tag-signalprocessing","tag-stemeducation","tag-techeducation","tag-telecommunication","tag-wirelesscommunication"],"yoast_head":"\nLab Manual- Experiment No-2: Frequency Modulation & Demodulation - SkyGyan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/index.php\/2025\/04\/23\/lab-manual-experiment-no-2-frequency-modulation-demodulation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lab Manual- Experiment No-2: Frequency Modulation & Demodulation - SkyGyan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\ud83e\udde0 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f (Objective): \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f Frequency Modulation (FM) \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 Demodulation \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0939\u092e FM \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u0947 generation \u0914\u0930 recovery \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0911\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0932\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0938\u0947 observe \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \ud83d\udcd8 \u0925\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0930\u0940 (Theory): \ud83c\udf99\ufe0f Frequency Modulation (FM): FM \u092e\u0947\u0902 carrier signal \u0915\u0940 frequency \u0915\u094b information signal \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 modulate \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/index.php\/2025\/04\/23\/lab-manual-experiment-no-2-frequency-modulation-demodulation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SkyGyan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-04-23T17:43:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-04-23T17:43:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/1-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"543\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"96\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"skygyanweb\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"skygyanweb\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/skygyan.tech\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/23\\\/lab-manual-experiment-no-2-frequency-modulation-demodulation\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/skygyan.tech\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/23\\\/lab-manual-experiment-no-2-frequency-modulation-demodulation\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"skygyanweb\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/skygyan.tech\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/67003e4d070d2c7fe186eeb918489147\"},\"headline\":\"Lab Manual- Experiment No-2: Frequency Modulation & Demodulation\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-04-23T17:43:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-23T17:43:59+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/skygyan.tech\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/23\\\/lab-manual-experiment-no-2-frequency-modulation-demodulation\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":170,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/skygyan.tech\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/skygyan.tech\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/23\\\/lab-manual-experiment-no-2-frequency-modulation-demodulation\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/skygyan.tech\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/1-1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"#AnalogCommunication\",\"#CommunicationSystems\",\"#ElectronicsEngineering\",\"#ElectronicsLab\",\"#EngineeringProjects\",\"#FMModulation\",\"#FrequencyModulation\",\"#ModulationTechniques\",\"#RadioFrequency\",\"#SignalProcessing\",\"#STEMEducation\",\"#TechEducation\",\"#Telecommunication\",\"#WirelessCommunication\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Information\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/skygyan.tech\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/23\\\/lab-manual-experiment-no-2-frequency-modulation-demodulation\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/skygyan.tech\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/23\\\/lab-manual-experiment-no-2-frequency-modulation-demodulation\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/skygyan.tech\\\/index.php\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/23\\\/lab-manual-experiment-no-2-frequency-modulation-demodulation\\\/\",\"name\":\"Lab Manual- Experiment No-2: Frequency Modulation & Demodulation - 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SkyGyan","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/index.php\/2025\/04\/23\/lab-manual-experiment-no-2-frequency-modulation-demodulation\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Lab Manual- Experiment No-2: Frequency Modulation & Demodulation - SkyGyan","og_description":"\ud83e\udde0 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f (Objective): \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f Frequency Modulation (FM) \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 Demodulation \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0939\u092e FM \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u0947 generation \u0914\u0930 recovery \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0911\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0932\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0938\u0947 observe \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \ud83d\udcd8 \u0925\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0930\u0940 (Theory): \ud83c\udf99\ufe0f Frequency Modulation (FM): FM \u092e\u0947\u0902 carrier signal \u0915\u0940 frequency \u0915\u094b information signal \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 modulate \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e […]","og_url":"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/index.php\/2025\/04\/23\/lab-manual-experiment-no-2-frequency-modulation-demodulation\/","og_site_name":"SkyGyan","article_published_time":"2025-04-23T17:43:58+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-04-23T17:43:59+00:00","og_image":[{"width":543,"height":96,"url":"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/1-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"skygyanweb","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"skygyanweb","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/index.php\/2025\/04\/23\/lab-manual-experiment-no-2-frequency-modulation-demodulation\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/index.php\/2025\/04\/23\/lab-manual-experiment-no-2-frequency-modulation-demodulation\/"},"author":{"name":"skygyanweb","@id":"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/#\/schema\/person\/67003e4d070d2c7fe186eeb918489147"},"headline":"Lab Manual- Experiment No-2: Frequency Modulation & Demodulation","datePublished":"2025-04-23T17:43:58+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-23T17:43:59+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/index.php\/2025\/04\/23\/lab-manual-experiment-no-2-frequency-modulation-demodulation\/"},"wordCount":170,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/index.php\/2025\/04\/23\/lab-manual-experiment-no-2-frequency-modulation-demodulation\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/1-1.jpg","keywords":["#AnalogCommunication","#CommunicationSystems","#ElectronicsEngineering","#ElectronicsLab","#EngineeringProjects","#FMModulation","#FrequencyModulation","#ModulationTechniques","#RadioFrequency","#SignalProcessing","#STEMEducation","#TechEducation","#Telecommunication","#WirelessCommunication"],"articleSection":["Information"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/index.php\/2025\/04\/23\/lab-manual-experiment-no-2-frequency-modulation-demodulation\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/index.php\/2025\/04\/23\/lab-manual-experiment-no-2-frequency-modulation-demodulation\/","url":"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/index.php\/2025\/04\/23\/lab-manual-experiment-no-2-frequency-modulation-demodulation\/","name":"Lab Manual- Experiment No-2: Frequency Modulation & Demodulation - 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