{"id":2673,"date":"2025-04-29T17:07:35","date_gmt":"2025-04-29T17:07:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/?p=2673"},"modified":"2025-04-29T17:07:36","modified_gmt":"2025-04-29T17:07:36","slug":"lab-manual-experiment-no-3-pulse-code-modulation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/index.php\/2025\/04\/29\/lab-manual-experiment-no-3-pulse-code-modulation\/","title":{"rendered":"Lab Manual:-Experiment No-3: Pulse Code Modulation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Objective:<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>To study and demonstrate the working of Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) technique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apparatus Required:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 PCM Trainer Kit \/ Module<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Function Generator (Sine wave)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Connecting Wires \/ Patch Cords<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Power Supply<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Theory:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) is a digital modulation technique used in communication systems. In PCM, the analog input signal is first sampled, then quantized into discrete levels, and finally encoded into a binary format for transmission. It offers advantages like noise immunity, better signal quality, and efficient multiplexing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Block Diagram:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"608\" height=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/1-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2674\" srcset=\"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/1-2.jpg 608w, https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/1-2-300x153.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 608px) 100vw, 608px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Procedure:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Connect the PCM Trainer Kit as per the block diagram.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Apply an analog sine wave input (e.g., 1 kHz) using the function generator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Observe the sampled signal on the CRO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Note the quantized steps and binary PCM output.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 At the decoder, observe the reconstructed signal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Compare the input and output waveforms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Observations:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Example parameters (fill actual values during experiment):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Input Signal Frequency: 1 kHz<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Sampling Frequency: 8 kHz<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Number of Quantization Levels: 16<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Bit Rate: 32 kbps<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Result:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Pulse Code Modulation system was successfully demonstrated. The encoded PCM signal was observed and the analog signal was reconstructed effectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>PCM is a reliable and widely used digital modulation method. It helps in transmitting analog signals in digital form with high noise immunity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Viva Questions:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1. What is Pulse Code Modulation?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Why is quantization required in PCM?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. What is the Nyquist sampling theorem?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. List advantages and disadvantages of PCM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5. How is PCM different from Delta Modulation?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Objective: To study and demonstrate the working of Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) technique. Apparatus Required: \u2022 PCM Trainer Kit \/ Module \u2022 Function Generator (Sine wave) \u2022 Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) \u2022 Connecting Wires \/ Patch Cords \u2022 Power Supply Theory: Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) is a digital modulation technique used in communication systems. In [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1075,1072,233,1074,1076,1005,1003,1070,1071,1073],"class_list":["post-2673","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog","tag-communicationlab","tag-digitalcommunication","tag-digitalelectronics","tag-eceprojects","tag-engineeringeducation","tag-engineeringlab","tag-modulationtechniques","tag-pcm","tag-pulsecodemodulation","tag-techexperiment"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lab Manual:-Experiment No-3: Pulse Code Modulation - SkyGyan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/index.php\/2025\/04\/29\/lab-manual-experiment-no-3-pulse-code-modulation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lab Manual:-Experiment No-3: Pulse Code Modulation - SkyGyan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Objective: To study and demonstrate the working of Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) technique. 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