{"id":3563,"date":"2026-11-02T10:06:13","date_gmt":"2026-11-02T10:06:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/?p=3563"},"modified":"2026-11-02T10:06:24","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T10:06:24","slug":"edc-lab-experiment-no-2-plot-the-v-i-characteristics-of-zener-diode","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/index.php\/2026\/11\/02\/edc-lab-experiment-no-2-plot-the-v-i-characteristics-of-zener-diode\/","title":{"rendered":"EDC lab Experiment No. 2 : Plot the V-I Characteristics of Zener Diode"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Object<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

To study and plot the V-I characteristics of a Zener diode under forward bias and reverse bias conditions and determine its Zener breakdown voltage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apparatus Required<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Zener diode (5.1 V or 6.2 V)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Regulated DC power supply (0\u201312 V)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Resistor (1 k\u03a9)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Digital multimeter<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Milliammeter (0\u201350 mA)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Microammeter (0\u2013500 \u00b5A)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Voltmeter (0\u201310 V)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. Breadboard and connecting wires<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Theory<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    A Zener diode is a specially designed semiconductor diode that operates in the reverse breakdown region without being damaged, provided its current is limited within the specified rating.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    It has two operating regions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. Forward Bias:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • P-side is connected to positive supply.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • N-side is connected to negative supply.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • It behaves like an ordinary PN junction diode.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Current increases rapidly after the cut-in voltage (approximately 0.7 V for silicon).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      2. Reverse Bias:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • P-side is connected to negative supply.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • N-side is connected to positive supply.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Initially, a very small reverse leakage current flows.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • At breakdown voltage (Vz), reverse current increases sharply while voltage remains nearly constant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        Circuit Diagram<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        A. Forward Bias Circuit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        B. Reverse Bias Circuit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        Important: The voltmeter is connected in parallel with the Zener diode, while the ammeter is connected in series.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Procedure<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Part A: Forward Bias Characteristics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        1. Connect the circuit as shown in the forward bias diagram.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. Connect the P-side of the Zener diode to the positive terminal of the supply through a series resistor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. Connect the N-side to the negative terminal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        4. Switch ON the DC power supply.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        5. Increase the input voltage gradually.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        6. Record the diode voltage (Vf) and forward current (If).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        7. Take 6\u20138 readings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        8. Plot the graph between forward voltage and forward current.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          Part B: Reverse Bias Characteristics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          1. Connect the circuit as shown in the reverse bias diagram.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          2. Reverse the Zener diode connections.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          3. Connect the N-side towards the positive supply through a series resistor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          4. Connect the P-side towards the negative terminal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          5. Increase the supply voltage gradually.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          6. Record the reverse voltage (Vz) and reverse current (Iz).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          7. Take readings before and after the breakdown region.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          8. Identify the Zener breakdown voltage from the graph.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

            Observation Table<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

            A. Forward Bias Readings<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            S. No.<\/th>Forward Voltage Vf (V)<\/th>Forward Current If (mA)<\/th><\/tr>
            1<\/td>0.10<\/td>0.0<\/td><\/tr>
            2<\/td>0.20<\/td>0.0<\/td><\/tr>
            3<\/td>0.30<\/td>0.1<\/td><\/tr>
            4<\/td>0.40<\/td>0.3<\/td><\/tr>
            5<\/td>0.50<\/td>0.8<\/td><\/tr>
            6<\/td>0.60<\/td>2.0<\/td><\/tr>
            7<\/td>0.65<\/td>4.0<\/td><\/tr>
            8<\/td>0.70<\/td>8.0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

            B. Reverse Bias Readings<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

            Assume a Zener diode with nominal breakdown voltage of approximately 5.1 V.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            S. No.<\/th>Reverse Voltage Vz (V)<\/th>Reverse Current Iz (mA)<\/th><\/tr>
            1<\/td>1.0<\/td>0.00<\/td><\/tr>
            2<\/td>2.0<\/td>0.00<\/td><\/tr>
            3<\/td>3.0<\/td>0.01<\/td><\/tr>
            4<\/td>4.0<\/td>0.02<\/td><\/tr>
            5<\/td>4.5<\/td>0.05<\/td><\/tr>
            6<\/td>4.8<\/td>0.20<\/td><\/tr>
            7<\/td>5.0<\/td>1.00<\/td><\/tr>
            8<\/td>5.1<\/td>5.00<\/td><\/tr>
            9<\/td>5.2<\/td>10.00<\/td><\/tr>
            10<\/td>5.3<\/td>15.00<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

            V-I Characteristics Graph<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
            \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

            Graph interpretation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • Forward region: Current increases rapidly after the cut-in voltage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Reverse region: Small leakage current flows initially.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Breakdown region: Reverse current increases sharply at approximately 5.1 V.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Zener region: Voltage remains nearly constant despite changes in current.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              Result<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

              The V-I characteristics of the Zener diode were studied and plotted under forward and reverse bias conditions. The Zener breakdown voltage was found to be approximately 5.1 V <\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Precautions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              1. Always use a series current-limiting resistor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              2. Check the polarity of the Zener diode before switching ON the supply.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              3. Do not exceed the maximum rated Zener current.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              4. Increase the supply voltage gradually.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              5. Use proper ranges of ammeter and voltmeter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              6. Ensure all connections are tight.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              7. Switch OFF the supply before changing circuit connections.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                Viva-Voce Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                1. What is a Zener diode?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                2. What is Zener breakdown?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                3. What is the difference between an ordinary diode and a Zener diode?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                4. Why is a Zener diode operated in reverse bias?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                5. What is Zener voltage?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                6. Why is a series resistor connected with a Zener diode?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                7. What is the function of a Zener diode as a voltage regulator?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                8. What is the difference between Zener breakdown and avalanche breakdown?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                9. What happens to the Zener voltage when reverse current increases?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                10. What are the applications of a Zener diode?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Object To study and plot the V-I characteristics of a Zener diode under forward bias and reverse bias conditions and determine its Zener breakdown voltage. Apparatus Required Theory A Zener diode is a specially designed semiconductor diode that operates in the reverse breakdown region without being damaged, provided its current is limited within the specified […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[1177,13,1531,1184,2054,1011,1006,1572,1005,1676,1008,1032,1955,1679,2055,2051,131,2056,1661,2053,2057,2050,2052],"class_list":["post-3563","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-syllabus","tag-basicelectronics","tag-bteup","tag-diplomaengineering","tag-diplomapractical","tag-electronicdevices","tag-electronicsengineering","tag-electronicslab","tag-electronicspractical","tag-engineeringlab","tag-forwardbias","tag-labmanual","tag-polytechnicstudents","tag-practicalexperiment","tag-reversebias","tag-reversebreakdown","tag-semiconductordevices","tag-skygyan","tag-viccharacteristics","tag-vicurve","tag-voltageregulator","tag-zenerbreakdown","tag-zenerdiode","tag-zenerdiodeexperiment"],"yoast_head":"\nEDC lab Experiment No. 2 : Plot the V-I Characteristics of Zener Diode - SkyGyan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/index.php\/2026\/11\/02\/edc-lab-experiment-no-2-plot-the-v-i-characteristics-of-zener-diode\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"EDC lab Experiment No. 2 : Plot the V-I Characteristics of Zener Diode - SkyGyan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Object To study and plot the V-I characteristics of a Zener diode under forward bias and reverse bias conditions and determine its Zener breakdown voltage. 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Apparatus Required Theory A Zener diode is a specially designed semiconductor diode that operates in the reverse breakdown region without being damaged, provided its current is limited within the specified […]","og_url":"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/index.php\/2026\/11\/02\/edc-lab-experiment-no-2-plot-the-v-i-characteristics-of-zener-diode\/","og_site_name":"SkyGyan","article_published_time":"2026-11-02T10:06:13+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-11-02T10:06:24+00:00","og_image":[{"width":614,"height":348,"url":"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/sZ8CXI-UhPxgbZox47cq0Jk5XM3UXQQ34oGx1PNzG4lKN3tkUUnU3BltZXL2geMRSQ0uAlJGWrtJ9355Pj-Zs48_Da2478maLJ_FSrIB_gIfpwPNSeUiOzsHKB9w-W4ktKdYICjLjMArg70kIkBVfA6JUpPmgp_V8889SCqGusc.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"skygyanweb","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"skygyanweb","Est. reading time":"4 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