{"id":3564,"date":"2026-11-02T10:15:05","date_gmt":"2026-11-02T10:15:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/?p=3564"},"modified":"2026-11-02T10:15:12","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T10:15:12","slug":"edc-lab-experiment-no-3-plot-the-v-i-characteristics-of-a-photodiode","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/index.php\/2026\/11\/02\/edc-lab-experiment-no-3-plot-the-v-i-characteristics-of-a-photodiode\/","title":{"rendered":"EDC Lab Experiment No. 3: Plot the V-I Characteristics of a Photodiode"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Object<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

To study and plot the V-I characteristics of a photodiode under different illumination conditions and observe the effect of light intensity on reverse current.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apparatus Required<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Photodiode (Silicon photodiode)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Regulated DC power supply (0\u201312 V)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Digital multimeter<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Microammeter (0\u2013500 \u00b5A)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Voltmeter (0\u201310 V)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Resistor (1 k\u03a9)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. LED or light source<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. Breadboard and connecting wires<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Theory<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    A photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light energy into electrical current. It is generally operated in reverse bias condition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    When light falls on the photodiode, photons generate electron-hole pairs in the depletion region. These charge carriers produce photocurrent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Working principle:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • In darkness, a very small reverse current called dark current flows.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • When light falls on the photodiode, reverse current increases.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Higher light intensity produces higher photocurrent.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • The photocurrent is approximately proportional to the intensity of incident light over its operating range.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      4. Circuit Diagram<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      A. Reverse Bias Photodiode Circuit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      Connections:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • Connect the cathode (K) of the photodiode to the positive terminal of the DC supply through a current-limiting resistor and microammeter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Connect the anode (A) to the negative terminal of the supply.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Connect the voltmeter in parallel with the photodiode.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Arrange a variable light source facing the photodiode.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        5. Procedure<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        1. Identify the anode and cathode terminals of the photodiode.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. Connect the circuit in reverse bias configuration.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. Keep the photodiode in darkness and switch ON the DC supply.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        4. Increase the reverse bias voltage gradually from 0 V to 10 V.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        5. Record the reverse current at each voltage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        6. Now illuminate the photodiode using a light source at a fixed distance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        7. Repeat the experiment at different light intensities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        8. Record the corresponding reverse current for each voltage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        9. Plot the V-I characteristics for dark, low, medium and high illumination conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          6. Observation Table<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          A. Effect of Reverse Voltage on Photocurrent<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Assumed experimental conditions: Silicon photodiode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          S. No.<\/th>Reverse Voltage (V)<\/th>Dark Current (\u00b5A)<\/th>Low Light (\u00b5A)<\/th>Medium Light (\u00b5A)<\/th>High Light (\u00b5A)<\/th><\/tr>
          1<\/td>0<\/td>0.1<\/td>2<\/td>5<\/td>100<\/td><\/tr>
          2<\/td>1<\/td>0.2<\/td>2.2<\/td>5.2<\/td>200<\/td><\/tr>
          3<\/td>2<\/td>0.2<\/td>2.3<\/td>5.3<\/td>300<\/td><\/tr>
          4<\/td>3<\/td>0.3<\/td>2.4<\/td>5.4<\/td>400<\/td><\/tr>
          5<\/td>4<\/td>0.3<\/td>2.5<\/td>5.5<\/td>500<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          7. V-I Characteristics Graph<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          V-I Characteristics of Photodiode<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          Graph interpretation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          1. In darkness, only a very small dark current flows.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          2. Under illumination, reverse current increases.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          3. Higher illumination produces higher photocurrent.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          4. Photocurrent remains approximately constant as reverse voltage increases over the normal operating region.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          5. The graph demonstrates that photodiode current depends primarily on incident light intensity.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

            Result<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

            The V-I characteristics of the photodiode were studied under different illumination conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            It was observed that the reverse photocurrent increases with an increase in incident light intensity. Thus, the photodiode converts light energy into electrical current.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Precautions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            1. Connect the photodiode in reverse bias.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            2. Check the polarity before switching ON the supply.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            3. Use a suitable current-limiting resistor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            4. Do not exceed the maximum reverse voltage rating.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            5. Keep the light source at a fixed distance during each set of readings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            6. Avoid unwanted external light during dark-current measurement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            7. Use a microammeter of suitable range.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            8. Change illumination only after recording the previous set of readings.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

              Viva-Voce Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              1. What is a photodiode?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              2. What is the working principle of a photodiode?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              3. Why is a photodiode generally operated in reverse bias?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              4. What is dark current?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              5. What is photocurrent?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              6. What happens to photocurrent when light intensity increases?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              7. What is the function of the depletion region?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              8. What is the difference between a photodiode and an LED?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              9. What are the applications of a photodiode?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              10. What is the difference between a photodiode and a solar cell?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                Applications of Photodiode<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                • Optical fiber communication receivers<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Automatic lighting systems<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Smoke detectors<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • IR remote control receivers<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Light intensity measurement<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Barcode scanners<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Optical sensors<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Object To study and plot the V-I characteristics of a photodiode under different illumination conditions and observe the effect of light intensity on reverse current. Apparatus Required Theory A photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light energy into electrical current. It is generally operated in reverse bias condition. When light falls on the photodiode, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[1177,13,1531,867,2054,1011,1006,2068,1572,1662,1676,1080,2067,2063,2061,2065,2059,2066,2062,2060,1032,1679,2051,131,2064],"class_list":["post-3564","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-syllabus","tag-basicelectronics","tag-bteup","tag-diplomaengineering","tag-diplomastudents","tag-electronicdevices","tag-electronicsengineering","tag-electronicslab","tag-electronicslabmanual","tag-electronicspractical","tag-engineeringpractical","tag-forwardbias","tag-labexperiment","tag-lightintensity","tag-optoelectronics","tag-photocurrent","tag-photodiode","tag-photodiodeexperiment","tag-photoelectriceffect","tag-pnjunction","tag-pnphotodiode","tag-polytechnicstudents","tag-reversebias","tag-semiconductordevices","tag-skygyan","tag-vicharacteristics"],"yoast_head":"\nEDC Lab Experiment No. 3: Plot the V-I Characteristics of a Photodiode - SkyGyan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/skygyan.tech\/index.php\/2026\/11\/02\/edc-lab-experiment-no-3-plot-the-v-i-characteristics-of-a-photodiode\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"EDC Lab Experiment No. 3: Plot the V-I Characteristics of a Photodiode - SkyGyan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Object To study and plot the V-I characteristics of a photodiode under different illumination conditions and observe the effect of light intensity on reverse current. 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Apparatus Required Theory A photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light energy into electrical current. It is generally operated in reverse bias condition. 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